China’s factories perk up, amid signs of economic recovery

REUTERS/Aly Song

• Raft of May data points to signs of economic recovery
• Industrial output perks up, but consumption still weak
• Jobless rate in big cities picked up to record high
• Fears of more COVID curbs, slow recovery raise policy challenge

China’s economy showed signs of recovery in May after slumping in the prior month as industrial production rose unexpectedly, but consumption was still weak and underlined the challenge for policymakers amid the persistent drag from strict COVID curbs.

The data, however, provides a path to revitalise growth in the world’s second-biggest economy after businesses and consumers were hit hard due to full or partial lockdowns in dozens of cities in March and April, including a protracted shutdown in commercial centre Shanghai.

Industrial output grew 0.7 percent in May from a year earlier, after falling 2.9 percent in April, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed on Wednesday. That compared with a 0.7 percent drop expected by analysts in a Reuters poll.

The uptick in the industrial sector was underpinned by the easing of COVID curbs and strong global demand. China’s exports grew at a double-digit pace in May, shattering expectations, as factories restarted and logistics snags eased.

The mining sector led the way with annual output up 7.0 percent in May, while that in the manufacturing industry eked out a meagre 0.1 percent growth, mostly driven by the production of new energy vehicles which surged 108.3 percent year-on-year.

“Activity data paints an economic recovery picture in May, but only a slow one,” said Iris Pang, Chief China economist at ING.

“The government is likely to respond to this economic weakness by delivering more fiscal stimulus,” Pang said.

Chinese shares rose after the data were released, with mainland China’s bluechips up 1.8 percent and Hong Kong shares 1.4 percent higher, in contrast with a largely subdued session for most other Asian share markets.

Fu Linghui, a spokesman at NBS, told a press conference that he expects the recovery to improve further in June due to policy support.

However, “the international environment is still complex and severe,” he said, highlighting the risks to the outlook.

“Our domestic recovery is still at its initial stage with the growth of key indicators at low levels,” Fu said.

WEAK CONSUMPTION, EMPLOYMENT CONCERNS

That caution was underscored in consumption data, which remained weak as shoppers were confined to their homes in Shanghai and other cities. Retail sales slipped another 6.7 percent in May from a year earlier, on top of a 11.1 percent contraction the previous month.

They were slightly better than the forecast of a 7.1 percent fall due to the increased spending on basic goods such as grains, edible oils and food and beverages.

“We should not be overly optimistic about consumption as the recovery has been quite slow. Affected by repeated COVID outbreaks, slower income growth, a cautious view of the future expectations, there will not be a revenge spending, as people have expected,” said Wang Jun, chief economist at Zhongyuan Bank.

Sales in the catering industry, a sector highly sensitive to COVID curbs, contracted by 21.1 percent in May, compared with a fall of 22.7 percent in April.

Fixed asset investment, a growth driver that policymakers have hoped would prop up the economy, rose 6.2 percent in the first five months, beating an expected 6.0 percent rise but slowed from a 6.8 percent gain in the first four months.

China’s property sales fell at a slower pace in May, suggesting improved buyer sentiment after a slew of easing policy steps taken by cities across the country to boost demand. The data sent shares of Chinese developers soaring.

Employment remained a big concern, however. The nationwide survey-based jobless rate fell to 5.9 percent in May from 6.1 percent in April, still above the government’s 2022 target of below 5.5 percent.

In particular, the surveyed jobless rate in 31 major cities picked up to 6.9 percent, the highest on record. Some economists expect employment to worsen before it gets better, with a record number of graduates entering the workforce in summer.

The central bank on Wednesday kept medium-term policy rate unchanged for a fifth straight month, matching market expectations.

China’s cabinet recently announced a broad package of economic support measures, although analysts say the official GDP target of around 5.5 percent for this year will be hard to achieve without doing away with the zero-COVID strategy.

FRESH LOCKDOWN FEARS LOOM

Fears of fresh lockdowns also loom large under the stringent COVID policy. Authorities in Beijing warned on Tuesday that the city of 22 million was in a “race against time” to get to grips with its most serious outbreak since the pandemic began, as cases tied to a 24-hour bar grew.

Shanghai is still grappling with lingering COVID cases after it emerged from a two-months long lockdown.

Any further lockdowns and supply chain disruption risks amid future COVID outbreaks may constrain the rebound of the economy, analysts say.

“The short-term trend of recovery in June is becoming obvious, but the economy is still some distance away from normal operations,” said Wang from Zhongyuan Bank.